Well Water Treatment in Iowa

Iowa Regulations for Well Water Treatment

Iowa regulates private sewage disposal systems under Iowa Code Chapter 455B and Iowa Administrative Code 567 Chapter 69, administered by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Iowa's program delegates most permitting and enforcement to county boards of health or local health departments under Iowa Code Chapter 137C. Iowa has one of the highest rates of agricultural land use in the nation, and septic system standards reflect concerns about nutrient loading to the state's heavily agricultural watersheds. Iowa's Private Sewage Disposal System (PSDS) program requires a site evaluation including a soil boring and percolation test. Conventional absorption systems (trenches and beds) are the most common type, though alternative systems are increasingly required. Iowa has a voluntary upgrade incentive program through its Onsite Wastewater Assistance Program. Setbacks include 75 feet from water supply wells, 25 feet from water courses, 10 feet from property lines, and 25 feet from drainage tile lines — the last being particularly significant given Iowa's extensive subsurface tile drainage network.

Licensing Requirements

Iowa requires private sewage disposal system installers to hold a PSDS Installer Certificate issued by the Iowa DNR. Designers of larger systems must be licensed Professional Engineers. Pumpers must hold an Iowa DNR Septage Hauler Certificate and arrange disposal at approved land-application sites or septage treatment facilities. County sanitarians who administer local programs must hold state health officer certification. Continuing education requirements apply to both installers and pumpers.

Environmental Considerations

Iowa's soils are among the most agriculturally productive in the world — deep Mollisols (Tama, Muscatine, Clarion series) with high organic matter and moderate to good drainage in most upland areas. However, Iowa's flat Des Moines Lobe — the youngest glaciated region, covered by ice as recently as 14,000 years ago — features poorly drained soils (Webster, Harps series) with seasonal water tables at or near the surface and extensive artificial tile drainage. Eastern Iowa has older, better-drained glacial till (Kenyon, Clyde series) with greater natural soil depth. Iowa's karst region in the northeast (Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton counties) has thin soils over Ordovician and Silurian limestone with rapid groundwater connectivity. Iowa's Raccoon River — Des Moines's primary water supply — is chronically impaired by nitrate from agricultural and septic sources, making nitrogen management in rural Polk and Dallas county areas a particular concern.